Skinner's+Behavior+Shaping

Stephen, Jake, Yasuhiro, Jon

 B.F. Skinner's Behavior Shaping Basic Theory- Behavior Shaping was introduced by B.F Skinner with the use of pigeons. This process is suceeded by gradual changes across sucessful trials towards a given behavior by rewards and punishments, along with reinforcement. This is also called operant conditioning. There are 4 ways to shape behavior using operant conditioning or operant behavior, positive reinforcement (reinforcement), negitive reinforcement (escape), postive punishment (punishment), and negitive punishment (penalty). To read more see ([]). Overall this process uses repitition to a certain behavior using a reward with each sucessful trail, and punishment when failed trail.

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 Stages of behavioral development as it relates to personality:

Extinction - a method of completely eliminating an undesirable behavior over a long period of time. For example, a student "Johnny" always raises his hand in class for the purpose of drawing attention to himself. This behavior can be "made extinct" by having the teacher never call on Johnny. With no attention being focused on him, Johnny will most likely stop raising his hand.



Punishment - a short-term response to undesired behavior. Punishment creates a negative consequence for the offending subject. Skinner argued that a subject would associate the undesired behavior with an unwanted result and would focus on ending the behavior.

 Reinforcement - a positive outcome/reward for desired behavior. Reinforcement is the positive version of punishment. When a specifically desired behavior occurs, a reward, incentive, or other reinforcement is issued. Hopefully, the target behavior will increase in frequency.

How to pass from different stages of Behavior Shaping?

B.F Skinner uses the stages Extinction, Punishment, and Reinforcement, to shape the behavior of a animal or human being. There are key differences between these three stages that allow a living thing to shape its behavior.

Extinction->
 * Trying to rid of a habit by long periods of neglect or no reinforcement
 * Ex. In younger lives, if a kid would would do an act (positive or negitive) for awhile and is ignored with no reward or punishment, sooner or later the child would become agravated enough to stop.
 * Here is a first account on older lives,"I am a bartender and often people wave money in your face because they think you will serve them first. I find this to be rude and always serve those people last or not at all. About 75% of the time, people realize that I am serving only the people who are waiting politely, and then their rude behavior stops." - S. Peduzzi
 * See [] for more info

Punishment->
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Given to show undesired behavior


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">It is a negitive version of reinforcement
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Used mainly on children in school but also in adult lives, such as the NFL fining Chad Ochocinco telling him to stop doing it.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Punishment is not bad, it is only a way to further enforce the rules or to teach children

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Reinforcement->
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Given to further behavior that is desireable
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Given as a postive version of reinforcement
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Usually given as a reward or compliment
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Ex. Used in children lives, anything as simple as a reward such as candy for eating vegies.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Ex. In adult lives, If a man puts the extra effort to work, he may recieve a raise, this raise will keep this man pushing forward and also others as well.



<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Neurosis may occur after being behaviorally shaped. If a child is shaped into doing something negative, the negative behavior might show up for other types of stimuli in addition to the original. For example, a child has friends who swear often. Then he or she might pick it up and swear in front of the friends. Then over time, he might swear in front of other people such as parents or teachers. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">